
Types of retirement in Spain: all modalities and their requirements
In Spain there are seven main retirement modalities regulated in the General Social Security Law (LGSS). Each one has a minimum age, required years of contributions and a different effect on the amount of the pension. The reform introduced by Royal Decree-Law 11/2024 modified the active, partial and delayed modalities as of April 1, 2025 …

Americans have little tolerance for economic suffering.
Over the past few weeks, amid the turbulence caused by the Trump administration’s new tariffs, President Trump and Vice President JD Vance have repeatedly asked Americans to be patient. If they endured a period of uncertainty, some economic pain, and perhaps a temporary rise in prices, the message was that …



