Workers who have less than 36 years and six months quoted throughout their working life will not be able to access the pension completely or commonly known as 100%. For Social Security, the amount of the retirement pension depends on two factors that are the contribution bases of the last 25 years, which to determine the regulatory base or 100% of the benefit to which it is entitled and the total of quoted years, which will indicate which percentage of that 100% is entitled.
This is so, since it is reflected in Law 27/2011 (it can be consulted in this BOE), which is, so to speak, the great reform of the pensions that began to be implemented in 2013. In it a progressive increase in the retirement age was established up to 67 years in 2027, unless there is a minimum of thirty -eight years and six months quoted, in which case the retirement can be accessed at 65 years.
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On the other hand, a new calculation method was implemented that progressively expanded the years that are taken into account to determine the regulatory base of the pension, from 15 to the last 25 years quoted. With this system it was sought to strengthen the taxivity, that is, that those who had most contributed to the system were entitled to a pension more adjusted to their regulatory base and the price effort made throughout their working life.
Up to 50% less the pension
As explained by Law 27/2011, the regulatory base is the result of dividing by 350 the last 300 contribution bases (last 25 years). The result will be the regulatory base, or better known, 100% of the pension to which you are entitled depending on the quoted years (this calculation enters other concepts such as fictional contributions or inflation effect),
Now, depending on the total of quoted years, a percentage of that regulatory base will be taken. With 15 years quoted that is the minimum to access the pension, 50% of the regulatory base will be entitled and as we add months and years of contribution this percentage will increase.
For each additional month of the next 49 months, an extra 0.21% of the regulatory base will be added and after this, each additional month until month 209, an extra 0.19% will be added. Thus, with 36 years and six months quoted, 100%will be entitled. Therefore, being less years can mean seeing a “cut” in the pension of up to 50%.
This would be the table based on the years worked:
| Quoted years | Percentage of the regulatory base |
|---|---|
| 15 | 50% |
| 16 | 52.52% |
| 17 | 55.04% |
| 18 | 57.56% |
| 19 | 60.08% |
| 20 | 62.50% |
| 21 | 64.82% |
| 22 | 67.14% |
| 23 | 69.46% |
| 24 | 71.78% |
| 25 | 74.10% |
| 26 | 76.38% |
| 27 | 78.66% |
| 28 | 80.94% |
| 29 | 83.22% |
| 30 | 85.50% |
| 31 | 87.78% |
| 32 | 90.06% |
| 33 | 92.34% |
| 34 | 94.62% |
| 35 | 96.90% |
| 36 years and six months or more | 100% |
But to take into account that from 2027, to reach 100% of the regulatory base it will be necessary to be 37 years quoted. On the other hand, from 2026 to 2043 a transitory dual system will be applied to calculate the pension. This will allow you to choose between the formula of the last 25 years or a new one that will take into account the last 29 years, discarding the 2 worst, which can benefit the most irregular contribution races.
Practical example of how up to 50% of the pension can be lost
To understand it better we will give a practical example of how two workers with similar contribution bases can end very different pensions. We have Ana and Carlos, who reach their ordinary retirement age and after calculating their last 25 years of contribution, social security determines that the two have the same regulatory base: 2,000 euros. Now, Ana is 37 years old, while Carlos is only 15 years old due to several interruptions.
When requesting the pension, Ana will be 100% of the regulatory base and her pension will be 2,000 euros per month, while Carlos having contributed 15 years, will be entitled to 50% of its regulatory base, so your pension will be 1,000 euros.
The result is that Carlos, despite having the same regulatory base as Ana, receives a 50% lower pension. Now, although many see it as a “loss” is not a sanction, but the result of having a shorter work career, so the amount is trimmed.
What happens if I am under 15 years quoted
In the case of not having 15 years quoted, the non -contributing pension can be accessed. This benefit can be accessed without having contributed a single day to Social Security, but will require other requirements such as a minimum of 65 years or lacking sufficient economic income, but that will depend on the members who conform to the family unit.